Australians have been warned about travel to Mexico after a top drug cartel boss was killed in a shootout with police, sparking a wave of violence across the country.

Mexican drug lord Nemesio ‌Oseguera, commonly known as “El Mencho”, was killed in a military raid, as the government ramps up pressure on ‌cartels after US intervention threats.

Mexico’s defence ministry said a shootout in the western state of Jalisco left Oseguera seriously injured. He died during an air transfer ‌to Mexico City on Sunday (local time).

It noted that US authorities had provided “complementary information”.

The operation set off a wave of violence, with torched cars and gunmen blocking highways in more than half a dozen states.

An ex-police officer, Oseguera was the shadowy leader of the powerful Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG), an outfit named for the western state that is home to one of Mexico’s biggest cities, Guadalajara.

Relatively quickly, the CJNG morphed into an international criminal enterprise rivalling former ‌allies in the Sinaloa Cartel, ‌the gang of captured ⁠kingpin Joaquin “El Chapo” Guzman, who is now in a US prison.

The military operation against Oseguera follows a pressure campaign ​from the Trump administration on Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum’s government to ramp up its crackdown on drug trafficking, including US threats to intervene directly in Mexico.

“The operation for his arrest was led by the defence ministry, and he ended up being killed,” a government source familiar with the operation told Reuters.

US Deputy Secretary of State Christopher Landau said Oseguera’s killing was a “great development” for the US and Mexico, as well as the rest of Latin America.

The kingpin’s killing notches a major victory ⁠for Mexico’s war on drug cartels that are responsible for smuggling billions of dollars in ‌cocaine and fentanyl ​into the US. It is also expected to unleash a wave of violence across Mexico.

“A tremendous amount of violence is going to happen,” said Vanda ​Felbab-Brown, an expert ‌on international organised crime.

She compared Oseguera to other key drug figures taken down in recent years, Guzman and Ismael “El Mayo” Zambada, both of the rival Sinaloa ​cartel.

“Apart from the heads of the Sinaloa cartel, El Mencho has been the biggest prize for many, many years.”

Jalisco Governor Pablo Lemus Navarro urged residents to stay home until the situation was brought under control, and the US embassy advised its citizens to shelter in place.

Videos ​on ​social media showed cars ablaze, sending dark smoke into the sky, ​on roads in Jalisco. Mexican media outlets reported burning vehicles and gunmen ‌blocking highways in more than half a dozen states across the country, particularly in the north and west.

On Monday, Australian authorities warned about travel to the area.

“Serious security incidents have been reported across the state of Jalisco, including in Guadalajara and Puerto Vallarta, following a federal law-enforcement operation against organised crime,” the government’s Smartraveller website said in its updated advice.

“Authorities in Puerto Vallarta have issued a public advisory to shelter in place. There may be transport disruptions, including by air. Stay alert and follow the advice of the local authorities.”

Americans in Mexico have been warned to “shelter in place” until further notice.

“Due to ongoing security operations and related road blockages and criminal activity, US citizens in the named locations should shelter in place until further notice,” the US State Department said a Sunday alert.

The areas listed by the state department include Jalisco State (including Puerto Vallarta, Chapala, and Guadalajara), Tamaulipas State (including Reynosa and other municipalities), areas of Michoacan State, Guerrero State, and Nuevo Leon State.

Air Canada said on Sunday it had temporarily suspended operations in Jalisco’s Puerto Vallarta on the Pacific coast, a popular beach resort for Canadians and Americans.

United Airlines and American Airlines said they had cancelled flight operations to Puerto Vallarta and Guadalajara.

American Airlines told Reuters in a separate statement it ​had cancelled flights to and from PVR and GDL for the rest of Sunday.

-with AAP