The signing of Australia’s first treaty with Aboriginal people has been hailed as a historic moment and just the beginning of hard work still to come.

That’s according to Victorian Premier Jacinta Allan, who described finalising a Statewide Treaty Agreement as the start of a new chapter in Victoria’s story and something once thought impossible.

Allan, First Peoples’ Assembly of Victoria co-chairs Ngarra Murray and Rueben Berg signed the agreement at a formal ceremony at Government House in Melbourne on Thursday morning.

It then received royal assent from Governor Margaret Gardner.

Under the bill, the state’s Indigenous representative body has expanded powers and acts as a voice to parliament that the government must consult on laws and policies affecting Aboriginal Victorians.

The body, elected by Aboriginal people in Victoria, is independent from government and will operate out of a dedicated room at Parliament House.

The treaty applies to the entire state but also allows for local groups to negotiate their own agreements.

Allan said it created a partnership of the oldest continuing culture in the world with modern institutions.

“Today is a recognition that ancient systems of law and the modern institutions of our democracy can stand side by side,” she said on Thursday.

“But today also carries a deeper meaning, it is quite literally two worlds meeting in respect and in partnership.”

Berg thanked those who had advocated for treaty “across generations” and said Victoria sat equal among other Commonwealth jurisdictions internationally that already had such agreements.

“Words are cheap, but these words now in a treaty in legislation, these words cannot disappear,” he said.

“We will make sure that we deliver on these promises that are set out in this process.”

Gardner said the treaty was an expression of the democratic will of Victorian people and a historic achievement of modern parliamentary democracy.

Cheers rang out in the state parliament as the legislation formally passed the upper house late last month.

It came after about a year of negotiations between the government and First Peoples’ Assembly of Victoria following a truth-telling inquiry exposing the mistreatment of Aboriginal people since colonisation.

Victoria’s Coalition opposition does not support the treaty and has vowed to repeal it it wins the next state election in November 2026.

Nationals MP and opposition spokeswoman for Aboriginal affairs Melina Bath said the Coalition instead favoured creating a standalone body overseen by a minister.

“The legislation speaks about closing the gap twice,” Bath said.

“The Liberals and Nationals focus needs to be on supporting those Victorians, our Victorians, our First Nations people to close the gap and bring a better outcome for indigenous people.”

A public celebration marking the treaty’s signing will be held in December.

-AAP